build: upgrade fmt and SDL2

Update fmt library to version 11.0.2 and make necessary adjustments:
- Replace fmt/format.h includes with fmt/ranges.h
- Add const qualifiers to formatter::format functions
- Update CMake to require fmt version 11

Additional dependency updates:
- Update SDL2 bundled version from 2.28.2 to 2.32.0
- Update catch2 to version 3.8.0
- Update vcpkg baseline to c82f74667287d3dc386bce81e44964370c91a289

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/pipeline_statistics.cpp

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 #include <string_view>
 
-#include <fmt/format.h>
+#include <fmt/ranges.h>
 
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/renderer_vulkan.cpp

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include <fmt/format.h>
+#include <fmt/ranges.h>
 
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/polyfill_ranges.h"

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_staging_buffer_pool.cpp

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include <fmt/format.h>
+#include <fmt/ranges.h>
 
 #include "common/alignment.h"
 #include "common/assert.h"