misc: chore: Fix numerous NullReferenceExceptions, InvalidOperationExceptions

src/Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Dsp/Command/CircularBufferSinkCommand.cs

@@ -59,7 +59,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
 
                         for (int y = 0; y < context.SampleCount; y++)
                         {
-                            context.MemoryManager.Write(targetOffset + (ulong)y * TargetChannelCount, PcmHelper.Saturate(inputBuffer[y]));
+                            if (inputBuffer != null)
+                            {
+                                context.MemoryManager.Write(targetOffset + (ulong)y * TargetChannelCount,
+                                    PcmHelper.Saturate(inputBuffer[y]));
+                            }
                         }
 
                         currentOffset += context.SampleCount * TargetChannelCount;

src/Ryujinx.Common/Collections/IntervalTree.cs

@@ -318,14 +318,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
             {
                 Root = newNode;
             }
-            else if (start.CompareTo(parent.Start) < 0)
+            else if (parent != null && start.CompareTo(parent.Start) < 0)
             {
                 parent.Left = newNode;
             }
             else
+            {
+                if (parent != null)
                 {
                     parent.Right = newNode;
                 }
+            }
 
             PropagateIncrease(newNode);
             Count++;

src/Ryujinx.Common/Collections/TreeDictionary.cs

@@ -279,14 +279,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Collections
             {
                 Root = newNode;
             }
-            else if (key.CompareTo(parent.Key) < 0)
+            else if (parent != null && key.CompareTo(parent.Key) < 0)
             {
                 parent.Left = newNode;
             }
             else
+            {
+                if (parent != null)
                 {
                     parent.Right = newNode;
                 }
+            }
             Count++;
             return newNode;
         }

src/Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/AppDataManager.cs

@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration
                     {
                         FileSystemInfo resolvedDirectoryInfo =
                             Directory.ResolveLinkTarget(correctApplicationDataDirectoryPath, true);
-                        string resolvedPath = resolvedDirectoryInfo.FullName;
+                        string resolvedPath = resolvedDirectoryInfo?.FullName;
                         Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Please manually move your Ryujinx data from {resolvedPath} to {correctApplicationDataDirectoryPath}, and remove the symlink.");
                     }
                     catch (Exception symlinkException)
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration
                     {
                         FileSystemInfo resolvedDirectoryInfo =
                             Directory.ResolveLinkTarget(correctApplicationDataDirectoryPath, true);
-                        string resolvedPath = resolvedDirectoryInfo.FullName;
+                        string resolvedPath = resolvedDirectoryInfo?.FullName;
                         Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Please manually move your Ryujinx data from {resolvedPath} to {correctApplicationDataDirectoryPath}, and remove the symlink.");
                     }
                     catch (Exception symlinkException)

src/Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/Hid/Controller/Motion/JsonMotionConfigControllerConverter.cs

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid.Controller.Motion
                 {
                     string propertyName = tempReader.GetString();
 
-                    if (propertyName.Equals("motion_backend"))
+                    if (propertyName is "motion_backend")
                     {
                         tempReader.Read();
 

src/Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/Hid/JsonInputConfigConverter.cs

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration.Hid
                 {
                     string propertyName = tempReader.GetString();
 
-                    if (propertyName.Equals("backend"))
+                    if (propertyName is "backend")
                     {
                         tempReader.Read();
 

src/Ryujinx.Common/Logging/Logger.cs

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Logging
         public readonly struct Log
         {
             private static readonly string _homeDir = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.UserProfile);
-            private static readonly string _homeDirRedacted = Path.Combine(Directory.GetParent(_homeDir).FullName, "[redacted]");
+            private static readonly string _homeDirRedacted = Path.Combine(Directory.GetParent(_homeDir)?.FullName ?? string.Empty, "[redacted]");
 
             internal readonly LogLevel Level;
 

src/Ryujinx.Cpu/AddressTable.cs

@@ -258,6 +258,8 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Common
             for (int i = 0; i < Levels.Length - 1; i++)
             {
                 ref AddressTableLevel level = ref Levels[i];
+                if (page != null)
+                {
                     ref TEntry* nextPage = ref page[level.GetValue(address)];
 
                     if (nextPage == null || nextPage == _fillBottomLevelPtr)
@@ -276,6 +278,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Common
 
                     page = (TEntry**)nextPage;
                 }
+            }
 
             return (TEntry*)page;
         }

src/Ryujinx.Cpu/Jit/HostTracked/AddressSpacePartition.cs

@@ -388,9 +388,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit.HostTracked
                 _treeLock.ExitReadLock();
             }
 
+            if (_firstPagePa != null)
+            {
                 return (_backingMemory, _firstPagePa.Value);
             }
 
+            return (null, 0);
+        }
+
         public PrivateRange GetPrivateAllocation(ulong va)
         {
             _treeLock.EnterReadLock();

src/Ryujinx.Cpu/Jit/MemoryManagerHostTracked.cs

@@ -135,8 +135,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit
                     offset += (int)copySize;
                 }
 
+                if (last != null)
+                {
                     return new ReadOnlySequence<byte>(first, 0, last, (int)(size - last.RunningIndex));
                 }
+            }
             catch (InvalidMemoryRegionException)
             {
                 if (_invalidAccessHandler == null || !_invalidAccessHandler(va))
@@ -146,6 +149,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit
 
                 return ReadOnlySequence<byte>.Empty;
             }
+
+            return default;
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>

src/Ryujinx.Cpu/LightningJit/Arm32/Target/Arm64/InstEmitMemory.cs

@@ -872,7 +872,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit.Arm32.Target.Arm64
 
                 if (unscaled)
                 {
-                    writeInstUnscaled(rt, tempRegister.Operand, offs);
+                    writeInstUnscaled?.Invoke(rt, tempRegister.Operand, offs);
                 }
                 else
                 {

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/ThreadedRenderer.cs

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
 
                 if (Volatile.Read(ref _interruptAction) != null)
                 {
-                    _interruptAction();
+                    _interruptAction?.Invoke();
                     _interruptRun.Set();
 
                     Interlocked.Exchange(ref _interruptAction, null);

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/MME/MacroJitCompiler.cs

@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.MME
                     EmitLoadGprA(opCode);
                     EmitLoadImm(opCode);
                     _ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Add);
-                    _ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Call, typeof(MacroJitContext).GetMethod(nameof(MacroJitContext.Read)));
+                    _ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Call, typeof(MacroJitContext).GetMethod(nameof(MacroJitContext.Read))!);
                     break;
 
                 default:
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.MME
         private void EmitFetchParam()
         {
             _ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
-            _ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Call, typeof(MacroJitContext).GetMethod(nameof(MacroJitContext.FetchParam)));
+            _ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Call, typeof(MacroJitContext).GetMethod(nameof(MacroJitContext.FetchParam))!);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.MME
         {
             _ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
             _ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, _methAddr);
-            _ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Call, typeof(MacroJitContext).GetMethod(nameof(MacroJitContext.Send)));
+            _ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Call, typeof(MacroJitContext).GetMethod(nameof(MacroJitContext.Send))!);
             _ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, _methAddr);
             _ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_S, _methIncr);
             _ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Add);

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/AutoDeleteCache.cs

@@ -172,6 +172,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// Removes the least used texture from the cache.
         /// </summary>
         private void RemoveLeastUsedTexture()
+        {
+            if (_textures.First != null)
             {
                 Texture oldestTexture = _textures.First.Value;
 
@@ -192,6 +194,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 oldestTexture.DecrementReferenceCount();
                 oldestTexture.CacheNode = null;
             }
+        }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Removes a texture from the cache.

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/PoolCache.cs

@@ -67,7 +67,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         public T FindOrCreate(GpuChannel channel, ulong address, int maximumId, TextureBindingsArrayCache bindingsArrayCache)
         {
             // Remove old entries from the cache, if possible.
-            while (_pools.Count > MaxCapacity && (_currentTimestamp - _pools.First.Value.CacheTimestamp) >= MinDeltaForRemoval)
+            while (_pools.Count > MaxCapacity && _pools.First != null &&
+                   (_currentTimestamp - _pools.First.Value.CacheTimestamp) >= MinDeltaForRemoval)
             {
                 T oldestPool = _pools.First.Value;
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/BufferModifiedRangeList.cs

@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
 
             if (rangeCount == -1)
             {
-                _migrationTarget.WaitForAndFlushRanges(address, size);
+                _migrationTarget?.WaitForAndFlushRanges(address, size);
 
                 return;
             }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/DiskCache/DiskCacheHostStorage.cs

@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
             }
 
             int offset = Unsafe.SizeOf<TocHeader>() + programIndex * Unsafe.SizeOf<OffsetAndSize>();
-            if (offset + Unsafe.SizeOf<OffsetAndSize>() > tocFileStream.Length)
+            if (tocFileStream != null && offset + Unsafe.SizeOf<OffsetAndSize>() > tocFileStream.Length)
             {
                 return (null, null);
             }
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
                 throw new DiskCacheLoadException(DiskCacheLoadResult.FileCorruptedGeneric);
             }
 
-            tocFileStream.Seek(offset, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+            tocFileStream?.Seek(offset, SeekOrigin.Begin);
 
             BinarySerializer tocReader = new(tocFileStream);
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/ShaderSpecializationState.cs

@@ -990,10 +990,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
             dataWriter.Write(ref hasPipelineState);
 
             if (hasPipelineState)
+            {
+                if (PipelineState != null)
                 {
                     ProgramPipelineState pipelineState = PipelineState.Value;
                     dataWriter.WriteWithMagicAndSize(ref pipelineState, PgpsMagic);
                 }
+            }
 
             if (_queriedState.HasFlag(QueriedStateFlags.TransformFeedback))
             {

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.FFmpeg/FFmpegContext.cs

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.FFmpeg
 
             FFmpegApi.av_log_format_line(ptr, level, format, vl, lineBuffer, lineSize, &printPrefix);
 
-            string line = Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi((IntPtr)lineBuffer).Trim();
+            string line = Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi((IntPtr)lineBuffer)?.Trim();
 
             switch (level)
             {

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Debugger.cs

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
             IntPtr message,
             IntPtr userParam)
         {
-            string msg = Marshal.PtrToStringUTF8(message).Replace('\n', ' ');
+            string msg = Marshal.PtrToStringUTF8(message)?.Replace('\n', ' ');
 
             switch (type)
             {

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Effects/AreaScalingFilter.cs

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Effects
             GL.UseProgram(previousProgram);
             GL.MemoryBarrier(MemoryBarrierFlags.ShaderImageAccessBarrierBit);
 
-            (_renderer.Pipeline as Pipeline).RestoreImages1And2();
+            (_renderer.Pipeline as Pipeline)?.RestoreImages1And2();
 
             GL.ActiveTexture(TextureUnit.Texture0);
             GL.BindTexture(TextureTarget.Texture2D, previousTextureBinding);

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Effects/FsrScalingFilter.cs

@@ -125,7 +125,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Effects
             GL.ActiveTexture(TextureUnit.Texture0);
             int previousTextureBinding = GL.GetInteger(GetPName.TextureBinding2D);
 
-            GL.BindImageTexture(0, textureView.Handle, 0, false, 0, TextureAccess.ReadWrite, SizedInternalFormat.Rgba8);
+            if (textureView != null)
+            {
+                GL.BindImageTexture(0, textureView.Handle, 0, false, 0, TextureAccess.ReadWrite,
+                    SizedInternalFormat.Rgba8);
 
                 int threadGroupWorkRegionDim = 16;
                 int dispatchX = (width + (threadGroupWorkRegionDim - 1)) / threadGroupWorkRegionDim;
@@ -156,17 +159,19 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Effects
 
                 // Sharpening Pass
                 GL.UseProgram(_sharpeningShaderProgram);
-            GL.BindImageTexture(0, destinationTexture.Handle, 0, false, 0, TextureAccess.ReadWrite, SizedInternalFormat.Rgba8);
+                GL.BindImageTexture(0, destinationTexture.Handle, 0, false, 0, TextureAccess.ReadWrite,
+                    SizedInternalFormat.Rgba8);
                 textureView.Bind(0);
                 GL.Uniform1(_inputUniform, 0);
                 GL.Uniform1(_outputUniform, 0);
                 GL.Uniform1(_sharpeningUniform, 1.5f - (Level * 0.01f * 1.5f));
                 GL.DispatchCompute(dispatchX, dispatchY, 1);
+            }
 
             GL.UseProgram(previousProgram);
             GL.MemoryBarrier(MemoryBarrierFlags.ShaderImageAccessBarrierBit);
 
-            (_renderer.Pipeline as Pipeline).RestoreImages1And2();
+            (_renderer.Pipeline as Pipeline)?.RestoreImages1And2();
 
             GL.ActiveTexture(TextureUnit.Texture0);
             GL.BindTexture(TextureTarget.Texture2D, previousTextureBinding);

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Effects/FxaaPostProcessingEffect.cs

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Effects
             GL.UseProgram(previousProgram);
             GL.MemoryBarrier(MemoryBarrierFlags.ShaderImageAccessBarrierBit);
 
-            (_renderer.Pipeline as Pipeline).RestoreImages1And2();
+            (_renderer.Pipeline as Pipeline)?.RestoreImages1And2();
 
             GL.ActiveTexture(TextureUnit.Texture0);
             GL.BindTexture(TextureTarget.Texture2D, previousTextureBinding);

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Effects/SmaaPostProcessingEffect.cs

@@ -222,8 +222,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Effects.Smaa
             GL.BindImageTexture(0, blendOutput.Handle, 0, false, 0, TextureAccess.ReadWrite, SizedInternalFormat.Rgba8);
             GL.UseProgram(_blendShaderPrograms[Quality]);
             edgeOutput.Bind(0);
-            areaTexture.Bind(1);
+            areaTexture?.Bind(1);
-            searchTexture.Bind(2);
+            searchTexture?.Bind(2);
             GL.Uniform1(_inputUniform, 0);
             GL.Uniform1(_outputUniform, 0);
             GL.Uniform1(_samplerAreaUniform, 1);
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Effects.Smaa
             GL.DispatchCompute(dispatchX, dispatchY, 1);
             GL.MemoryBarrier(MemoryBarrierFlags.ShaderImageAccessBarrierBit);
 
-            (_renderer.Pipeline as Pipeline).RestoreImages1And2();
+            (_renderer.Pipeline as Pipeline)?.RestoreImages1And2();
 
             GL.UseProgram(previousProgram);
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/IntermediateRepresentation/BasicBlock.cs

@@ -64,9 +64,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.IntermediateRepresentation
             INode lastOp = GetLastOp();
 
             if (lastOp is Operation operation && IsControlFlowInst(operation.Inst))
+            {
+                if (Operations.Last != null)
                 {
                     Operations.AddBefore(Operations.Last, node);
                 }
+            }
             else
             {
                 Operations.AddLast(node);

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Translation/Optimizations/BindlessToArray.cs

@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Optimizations
                     }
                 }
 
-                if (handleAsgOp.Inst != Instruction.Load ||
+                if (handleAsgOp is not { Inst: Instruction.Load } ||
                     handleAsgOp.StorageKind != StorageKind.ConstantBuffer ||
                     handleAsgOp.SourcesCount != 4)
                 {

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Translation/Optimizations/DoubleToFloat.cs

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Optimizations
 
                 operation.Dest = null;
 
-                LinkedListNode<INode> newNode = node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Call, 0, floatValue, callArgs));
+                LinkedListNode<INode> newNode = node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Call, 0, floatValue, callArgs));
 
                 Utils.DeleteNode(node, operation);
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Optimizations
 
                 Operand[] callArgs = [Const(functionId), operation.GetSource(0), resultLow, resultHigh];
 
-                LinkedListNode<INode> newNode = node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Call, 0, (Operand)null, callArgs));
+                LinkedListNode<INode> newNode = node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Call, 0, (Operand)null, callArgs));
 
                 Utils.DeleteNode(node, operation);
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Translation/Optimizations/GlobalToStorage.cs

@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Optimizations
             LinkedListNode<INode> node)
         {
             Operation operation = node.Value as Operation;
-            Operand globalAddress = operation.GetSource(0);
+            Operand globalAddress = operation?.GetSource(0);
             SearchResult result = FindUniqueBaseAddressCb(gtsContext, block, globalAddress, needsOffset: true);
 
             if (result.Found)
@@ -331,8 +331,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Optimizations
                     Operation maskOp = new(Instruction.BitwiseAnd, baseAddressMasked, baseAddress, Const(-alignment));
                     Operation subOp = new(Instruction.Subtract, hostOffset, globalAddress, baseAddressMasked);
 
-                    node.List.AddBefore(node, maskOp);
+                    node.List?.AddBefore(node, maskOp);
-                    node.List.AddBefore(node, subOp);
+                    node.List?.AddBefore(node, subOp);
 
                     offset = hostOffset;
                 }
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Optimizations
 
                     Operation addOp = new(Instruction.Add, newOffset, offset, Const(result.ConstOffset));
 
-                    node.List.AddBefore(node, addOp);
+                    node.List?.AddBefore(node, addOp);
 
                     offset = newOffset;
                 }
@@ -441,8 +441,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Optimizations
             Operation shiftOp = new(Instruction.ShiftRightU32, wordOffset, offset, Const(2));
             Operation storageOp = new(operation.Inst, StorageKind.StorageBuffer, operation.Dest, sources);
 
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, shiftOp);
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, shiftOp);
-            LinkedListNode<INode> newNode = node.List.AddBefore(node, storageOp);
+            LinkedListNode<INode> newNode = node.List?.AddBefore(node, storageOp);
 
             Utils.DeleteNode(node, operation);
 
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Optimizations
 
             Operation callOp = new(Instruction.Call, returnValue, sources);
 
-            LinkedListNode<INode> newNode = node.List.AddBefore(node, callOp);
+            LinkedListNode<INode> newNode = node.List?.AddBefore(node, callOp);
 
             if (returnsValue)
             {

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Translation/Optimizations/Utils.cs

@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Optimizations
 
         public static void DeleteNode(LinkedListNode<INode> node, Operation operation)
         {
-            node.List.Remove(node);
+            node.List?.Remove(node);
 
             for (int srcIndex = 0; srcIndex < operation.SourcesCount; srcIndex++)
             {

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Translation/RegisterUsage.cs

@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
                 {
                     Operation operation = node.Value as Operation;
 
-                    for (int srcIndex = 0; srcIndex < operation.SourcesCount; srcIndex++)
+                    for (int srcIndex = 0; srcIndex < operation?.SourcesCount; srcIndex++)
                     {
                         Operand source = operation.GetSource(srcIndex);
 
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
                         localInputs[block.Index] |= GetMask(register) & ~localOutputs[block.Index];
                     }
 
-                    for (int dstIndex = 0; dstIndex < operation.DestsCount; dstIndex++)
+                    for (int dstIndex = 0; dstIndex < operation?.DestsCount; dstIndex++)
                     {
                         Operand dest = operation.GetDest(dstIndex);
 
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
                 {
                     Operation operation = node.Value as Operation;
 
-                    if (operation.Inst == Instruction.Call)
+                    if (operation?.Inst == Instruction.Call)
                     {
                         Operand funcId = operation.GetSource(0);
 
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
                 return false;
             }
 
-            return block.Operations.First.Value is Operation operation && operation.Inst == inst;
+            return block.Operations.First?.Value is Operation operation && operation.Inst == inst;
         }
 
         private static bool EndsWith(BasicBlock block, Instruction inst)
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
                 return false;
             }
 
-            return block.Operations.Last.Value is Operation operation && operation.Inst == inst;
+            return block.Operations.Last?.Value is Operation operation && operation.Inst == inst;
         }
 
         private static RegisterMask GetMask(Register register)
@@ -444,9 +444,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
                     Operation copyOp = new(Instruction.Copy, OperandHelper.Argument(argIndex++), OperandHelper.Register(register));
 
                     if (node == null)
+                    {
+                        if (block.Operations.Last != null)
                         {
                             node = block.Operations.AddBefore(block.Operations.Last, copyOp);
                         }
+                    }
                     else
                     {
                         node = block.Operations.AddAfter(node, copyOp);

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Translation/Transforms/DrawParametersReplace.cs

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
             Operand GenerateLoad(IoVariable ioVariable)
             {
                 Operand value = Local();
-                node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Load, StorageKind.Input, value, Const((int)ioVariable)));
+                node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Load, StorageKind.Input, value, Const((int)ioVariable)));
                 return value;
             }
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Translation/Transforms/GeometryToCompute.cs

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
 
                             Operand vertexElemOffset = GenerateVertexOffset(context.ResourceManager, node, inputOffset, primVertex);
 
-                            newNode = node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+                            newNode = node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
                                 Instruction.Load,
                                 StorageKind.StorageBuffer,
                                 operation.Dest,
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
                     {
                         if (TryGetOffset(context.ResourceManager, operation, StorageKind.Output, out int outputOffset))
                         {
-                            newNode = node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+                            newNode = node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
                                 Instruction.Load,
                                 StorageKind.LocalMemory,
                                 operation.Dest,
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
                         {
                             Operand value = operation.GetSource(operation.SourcesCount - 1);
 
-                            newNode = node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+                            newNode = node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
                                 Instruction.Store,
                                 StorageKind.LocalMemory,
                                 (Operand)null,
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
                 definitions.MaxOutputVertices * definitions.ThreadsPerInputPrimitive,
                 definitions.ThreadsPerInputPrimitive);
             Operand outputBaseVertex = Local();
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, outputBaseVertex, new[] { baseVertexOffset, outputPrimVertex }));
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, outputBaseVertex, new[] { baseVertexOffset, outputPrimVertex }));
 
             Operand outputPrimIndex = IncrementLocalMemory(node, resourceManager.LocalGeometryOutputIndexCountMemoryId);
             Operand baseIndexOffset = GenerateBaseOffset(
@@ -143,16 +143,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
                 definitions.GetGeometryOutputIndexBufferStride(),
                 definitions.ThreadsPerInputPrimitive);
             Operand outputBaseIndex = Local();
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, outputBaseIndex, new[] { baseIndexOffset, outputPrimIndex }));
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, outputBaseIndex, new[] { baseIndexOffset, outputPrimIndex }));
 
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
                 Instruction.Store,
                 StorageKind.StorageBuffer,
                 null,
                 new[] { Const(ibOutputBinding), Const(0), outputBaseIndex, outputBaseVertex }));
 
             Operand baseOffset = Local();
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Multiply, baseOffset, new[] { outputBaseVertex, Const(stride) }));
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Multiply, baseOffset, new[] { outputBaseVertex, Const(stride) }));
 
             LinkedListNode<INode> newNode = node;
 
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
                 if (offset > 0)
                 {
                     vertexOffset = Local();
-                    node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, vertexOffset, new[] { baseOffset, Const(offset) }));
+                    node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, vertexOffset, new[] { baseOffset, Const(offset) }));
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -171,13 +171,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
                 }
 
                 Operand value = Local();
-                node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+                node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
                     Instruction.Load,
                     StorageKind.LocalMemory,
                     value,
                     new[] { Const(resourceManager.LocalVertexDataMemoryId), Const(offset) }));
 
-                newNode = node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+                newNode = node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
                     Instruction.Store,
                     StorageKind.StorageBuffer,
                     null,
@@ -198,9 +198,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
                 definitions.GetGeometryOutputIndexBufferStride(),
                 definitions.ThreadsPerInputPrimitive);
             Operand outputBaseIndex = Local();
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, outputBaseIndex, new[] { baseIndexOffset, outputPrimIndex }));
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, outputBaseIndex, new[] { baseIndexOffset, outputPrimIndex }));
 
-            return node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+            return node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
                 Instruction.Store,
                 StorageKind.StorageBuffer,
                 null,
@@ -213,16 +213,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
             GeneratePrimitiveId(resourceManager, node, primitiveId);
 
             Operand baseOffset = Local();
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Multiply, baseOffset, new[] { primitiveId, Const(stride) }));
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Multiply, baseOffset, new[] { primitiveId, Const(stride) }));
 
             Operand invocationId = Local();
             GenerateInvocationId(node, invocationId);
 
             Operand invocationOffset = Local();
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Multiply, invocationOffset, new[] { invocationId, Const(stride / threadsPerInputPrimitive) }));
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Multiply, invocationOffset, new[] { invocationId, Const(stride / threadsPerInputPrimitive) }));
 
             Operand combinedOffset = Local();
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, combinedOffset, new[] { baseOffset, invocationOffset }));
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, combinedOffset, new[] { baseOffset, invocationOffset }));
 
             return combinedOffset;
         }
@@ -230,16 +230,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
         private static Operand IncrementLocalMemory(LinkedListNode<INode> node, int memoryId)
         {
             Operand oldValue = Local();
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
                 Instruction.Load,
                 StorageKind.LocalMemory,
                 oldValue,
                 new[] { Const(memoryId) }));
 
             Operand newValue = Local();
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, newValue, new[] { oldValue, Const(1) }));
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, newValue, new[] { oldValue, Const(1) }));
 
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Store, StorageKind.LocalMemory, null, new[] { Const(memoryId), newValue }));
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Store, StorageKind.LocalMemory, null, new[] { Const(memoryId), newValue }));
 
             return oldValue;
         }
@@ -253,34 +253,34 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
             int vertexInfoCbBinding = resourceManager.Reservations.VertexInfoConstantBufferBinding;
 
             Operand vertexCount = Local();
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
                 Instruction.Load,
                 StorageKind.ConstantBuffer,
                 vertexCount,
                 new[] { Const(vertexInfoCbBinding), Const((int)VertexInfoBufferField.VertexCounts), Const(0) }));
 
             Operand primInputVertex = Local();
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
                 Instruction.Load,
                 StorageKind.LocalMemory,
                 primInputVertex,
                 new[] { Const(resourceManager.LocalTopologyRemapMemoryId), primVertex }));
 
             Operand instanceIndex = Local();
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
                 Instruction.Load,
                 StorageKind.Input,
                 instanceIndex,
                 new[] { Const((int)IoVariable.GlobalId), Const(1) }));
 
             Operand baseVertex = Local();
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Multiply, baseVertex, new[] { instanceIndex, vertexCount }));
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Multiply, baseVertex, new[] { instanceIndex, vertexCount }));
 
             Operand vertexIndex = Local();
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, vertexIndex, new[] { baseVertex, primInputVertex }));
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, vertexIndex, new[] { baseVertex, primInputVertex }));
 
             Operand vertexBaseOffset = Local();
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
                 Instruction.Multiply,
                 vertexBaseOffset,
                 new[] { vertexIndex, Const(resourceManager.Reservations.InputSizePerInvocation) }));
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
             {
                 vertexElemOffset = Local();
 
-                node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, vertexElemOffset, new[] { vertexBaseOffset, Const(elementOffset) }));
+                node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, vertexElemOffset, new[] { vertexBaseOffset, Const(elementOffset) }));
             }
             else
             {
@@ -306,35 +306,35 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
             int vertexInfoCbBinding = resourceManager.Reservations.VertexInfoConstantBufferBinding;
 
             Operand vertexCount = Local();
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
                 Instruction.Load,
                 StorageKind.ConstantBuffer,
                 vertexCount,
                 new[] { Const(vertexInfoCbBinding), Const((int)VertexInfoBufferField.VertexCounts), Const(0) }));
 
             Operand vertexIndex = Local();
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
                 Instruction.Load,
                 StorageKind.Input,
                 vertexIndex,
                 new[] { Const((int)IoVariable.GlobalId), Const(0) }));
 
             Operand instanceIndex = Local();
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
                 Instruction.Load,
                 StorageKind.Input,
                 instanceIndex,
                 new[] { Const((int)IoVariable.GlobalId), Const(1) }));
 
             Operand baseVertex = Local();
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Multiply, baseVertex, new[] { instanceIndex, vertexCount }));
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Multiply, baseVertex, new[] { instanceIndex, vertexCount }));
 
-            return node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, dest, new[] { baseVertex, vertexIndex }));
+            return node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, dest, new[] { baseVertex, vertexIndex }));
         }
 
         private static LinkedListNode<INode> GenerateInvocationId(LinkedListNode<INode> node, Operand dest)
         {
-            return node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+            return node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
                 Instruction.Load,
                 StorageKind.Input,
                 dest,

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Translation/Transforms/SharedAtomicSignedCas.cs

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
 
             Operand[] callArgs = [Const(functionId), byteOffset, value];
 
-            LinkedListNode<INode> newNode = node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Call, 0, result, callArgs));
+            LinkedListNode<INode> newNode = node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Call, 0, result, callArgs));
 
             Utils.DeleteNode(node, operation);
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Translation/Transforms/SharedStoreSmallIntCas.cs

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
 
             Operand[] callArgs = [Const(functionId), byteOffset, value];
 
-            LinkedListNode<INode> newNode = node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Call, 0, (Operand)null, callArgs));
+            LinkedListNode<INode> newNode = node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Call, 0, (Operand)null, callArgs));
 
             Utils.DeleteNode(node, operation);
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Translation/Transforms/ShufflePass.cs

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
 
             Operand[] callArgs = [Const(functionId), value, index, mask, valid];
 
-            LinkedListNode<INode> newNode = node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Call, 0, result, callArgs));
+            LinkedListNode<INode> newNode = node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Call, 0, result, callArgs));
 
             Utils.DeleteNode(node, operation);
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Translation/Transforms/TexturePass.cs

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
                         callArgs = [Const(functionId), texOp.GetSource(coordsIndex + index), Const(samplerIndex)];
                     }
 
-                    node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Call, 0, scaledCoord, callArgs));
+                    node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Call, 0, scaledCoord, callArgs));
 
                     texOp.SetSource(coordsIndex + index, scaledCoord);
                 }
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
 
                     Operand[] callArgs = [Const(functionId), dest, Const(samplerIndex)];
 
-                    node.List.AddAfter(node, new Operation(Instruction.Call, 0, unscaledSize, callArgs));
+                    node.List?.AddAfter(node, new Operation(Instruction.Call, 0, unscaledSize, callArgs));
                 }
             }
 
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
 
                 Operand[] texSizeSources = [Const(0)];
 
-                LinkedListNode<INode> textureSizeNode = node.List.AddBefore(node, new TextureOperation(
+                LinkedListNode<INode> textureSizeNode = node.List?.AddBefore(node, new TextureOperation(
                     Instruction.TextureQuerySize,
                     texOp.Type,
                     texOp.Format,
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
 
                 Operand coordNormalized = Local();
 
-                node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.FP32 | Instruction.Divide, coordNormalized, source, GenerateI2f(node, coordSize)));
+                node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.FP32 | Instruction.Divide, coordNormalized, source, GenerateI2f(node, coordSize)));
 
                 texOp.SetSource(index, coordNormalized);
 
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
                     texSizeSources = [Const(0)];
                 }
 
-                node.List.AddBefore(node, new TextureOperation(
+                node.List?.AddBefore(node, new TextureOperation(
                     Instruction.TextureQuerySize,
                     texOp.Type,
                     texOp.Format,
@@ -259,18 +259,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
                     [coordSize],
                     texSizeSources));
 
-                node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+                node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
                     Instruction.FP32 | Instruction.Multiply,
                     scaledSize,
                     GenerateI2f(node, coordSize),
                     ConstF((float)(1 << (gatherBiasPrecision + 1)))));
-                node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.FP32 | Instruction.Divide, bias, ConstF(1f), scaledSize));
+                node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.FP32 | Instruction.Divide, bias, ConstF(1f), scaledSize));
 
                 Operand source = texOp.GetSource(coordsIndex + index);
 
                 Operand coordBiased = Local();
 
-                node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.FP32 | Instruction.Add, coordBiased, source, bias));
+                node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.FP32 | Instruction.Add, coordBiased, source, bias));
 
                 texOp.SetSource(coordsIndex + index, coordBiased);
             }
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
                     texSizeSources = [Const(0)];
                 }
 
-                node.List.AddBefore(node, new TextureOperation(
+                node.List?.AddBefore(node, new TextureOperation(
                     Instruction.TextureQuerySize,
                     texOp.Type,
                     texOp.Format,
@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
             {
                 lod = Local();
 
-                node.List.AddBefore(node, new TextureOperation(
+                node.List?.AddBefore(node, new TextureOperation(
                     Instruction.Lod,
                     texOp.Type,
                     texOp.Format,
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
                     texSizeSources = [GenerateF2i(node, lod)];
                 }
 
-                node.List.AddBefore(node, new TextureOperation(
+                node.List?.AddBefore(node, new TextureOperation(
                     Instruction.TextureQuerySize,
                     texOp.Type,
                     texOp.Format,
@@ -692,8 +692,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
                 Operation convOp = new(Instruction.ConvertS32ToFP32, Local(), dest);
                 Operation normOp = new(Instruction.FP32 | Instruction.Multiply, Local(), convOp.Dest, ConstF(1f / maxPositive));
 
-                node = node.List.AddAfter(node, convOp);
+                node = node?.List?.AddAfter(node, convOp);
-                node = node.List.AddAfter(node, normOp);
+                node = node?.List?.AddAfter(node, normOp);
 
                 foreach (INode useOp in uses)
                 {
@@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
         {
             Operand res = Local();
 
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.ConvertS32ToFP32, res, value));
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.ConvertS32ToFP32, res, value));
 
             return res;
         }
@@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
         {
             Operand res = Local();
 
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.ConvertFP32ToS32, res, value));
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.ConvertFP32ToS32, res, value));
 
             return res;
         }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Translation/Transforms/VectorComponentSelect.cs

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
 
                 Operation loadOp = new(Instruction.Load, StorageKind.ConstantBuffer, value, inputs);
 
-                node.List.AddBefore(node, loadOp);
+                node.List?.AddBefore(node, loadOp);
 
                 if (i == 0)
                 {
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
                     Operation compareOp = new(Instruction.CompareEqual, isCurrentIndex, new Operand[] { elemIndex, Const(i) });
                     Operation selectOp = new(Instruction.ConditionalSelect, selection, new Operand[] { isCurrentIndex, value, result });
 
-                    node.List.AddBefore(node, compareOp);
+                    node.List?.AddBefore(node, compareOp);
-                    node.List.AddBefore(node, selectOp);
+                    node.List?.AddBefore(node, selectOp);
 
                     result = selection;
                 }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Translation/Transforms/VertexToCompute.cs

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
                             Operand temp = needsSextNorm ? Local() : dest;
                             Operand vertexElemOffset = GenerateVertexOffset(context.ResourceManager, node, location, 0);
 
-                            newNode = node.List.AddBefore(node, new TextureOperation(
+                            newNode = node.List?.AddBefore(node, new TextureOperation(
                                 Instruction.TextureSample,
                                 SamplerType.TextureBuffer,
                                 TextureFormat.Unknown,
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
                             Operand temp = component > 0 ? Local() : dest;
                             Operand vertexElemOffset = GenerateVertexOffset(context.ResourceManager, node, location, component);
 
-                            newNode = node.List.AddBefore(node, new TextureOperation(
+                            newNode = node.List?.AddBefore(node, new TextureOperation(
                                 Instruction.TextureSample,
                                 SamplerType.TextureBuffer,
                                 TextureFormat.Unknown,
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
             {
                 if (TryGetOutputOffset(context.ResourceManager, operation, out int outputOffset))
                 {
-                    newNode = node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+                    newNode = node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
                         Instruction.Load,
                         StorageKind.LocalMemory,
                         operation.Dest,
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
                 {
                     Operand value = operation.GetSource(operation.SourcesCount - 1);
 
-                    newNode = node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+                    newNode = node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
                         Instruction.Store,
                         StorageKind.LocalMemory,
                         (Operand)null,
@@ -164,37 +164,37 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
             GenerateVertexIdInstanceRateLoad(resourceManager, node, vertexIdIr);
 
             Operand attributeOffset = Local();
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
                 Instruction.Load,
                 StorageKind.ConstantBuffer,
                 attributeOffset,
                 new[] { Const(vertexInfoCbBinding), Const((int)VertexInfoBufferField.VertexOffsets), Const(location), Const(0) }));
 
             Operand isInstanceRate = Local();
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
                 Instruction.Load,
                 StorageKind.ConstantBuffer,
                 isInstanceRate,
                 new[] { Const(vertexInfoCbBinding), Const((int)VertexInfoBufferField.VertexOffsets), Const(location), Const(1) }));
 
             Operand vertexId = Local();
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
                 Instruction.ConditionalSelect,
                 vertexId,
                 new[] { isInstanceRate, vertexIdIr, vertexIdVr }));
 
             Operand vertexStride = Local();
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
                 Instruction.Load,
                 StorageKind.ConstantBuffer,
                 vertexStride,
                 new[] { Const(vertexInfoCbBinding), Const((int)VertexInfoBufferField.VertexStrides), Const(location), Const(0) }));
 
             Operand vertexBaseOffset = Local();
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Multiply, vertexBaseOffset, new[] { vertexId, vertexStride }));
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Multiply, vertexBaseOffset, new[] { vertexId, vertexStride }));
 
             Operand vertexOffset = Local();
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, vertexOffset, new[] { attributeOffset, vertexBaseOffset }));
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, vertexOffset, new[] { attributeOffset, vertexBaseOffset }));
 
             Operand vertexElemOffset;
 
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
             {
                 vertexElemOffset = Local();
 
-                node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, vertexElemOffset, new[] { vertexOffset, Const(component) }));
+                node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, vertexElemOffset, new[] { vertexOffset, Const(component) }));
             }
             else
             {
@@ -215,13 +215,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
         private static LinkedListNode<INode> CopySignExtendedNormalized(LinkedListNode<INode> node, int bits, bool normalize, Operand dest, Operand src)
         {
             Operand leftShifted = Local();
-            node = node.List.AddAfter(node, new Operation(
+            node = node.List?.AddAfter(node, new Operation(
                 Instruction.ShiftLeft,
                 leftShifted,
                 new[] { src, Const(32 - bits) }));
 
             Operand rightShifted = normalize ? Local() : dest;
-            node = node.List.AddAfter(node, new Operation(
+            node = node?.List?.AddAfter(node, new Operation(
                 Instruction.ShiftRightS32,
                 rightShifted,
                 new[] { leftShifted, Const(32 - bits) }));
@@ -229,8 +229,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
             if (normalize)
             {
                 Operand asFloat = Local();
-                node = node.List.AddAfter(node, new Operation(Instruction.ConvertS32ToFP32, asFloat, new[] { rightShifted }));
+                node = node?.List?.AddAfter(node, new Operation(Instruction.ConvertS32ToFP32, asFloat, new[] { rightShifted }));
-                node = node.List.AddAfter(node, new Operation(
+                node = node?.List?.AddAfter(node, new Operation(
                     Instruction.FP32 | Instruction.Multiply,
                     dest,
                     new[] { asFloat, ConstF(1f / (1 << (bits - 1))) }));
@@ -249,13 +249,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
         {
             Operand componentExists = Local();
             int vertexInfoCbBinding = resourceManager.Reservations.VertexInfoConstantBufferBinding;
-            node = node.List.AddAfter(node, new Operation(
+            node = node.List?.AddAfter(node, new Operation(
                 Instruction.Load,
                 StorageKind.ConstantBuffer,
                 componentExists,
                 new[] { Const(vertexInfoCbBinding), Const((int)VertexInfoBufferField.VertexStrides), Const(location), Const(component) }));
 
-            return node.List.AddAfter(node, new Operation(
+            return node?.List?.AddAfter(node, new Operation(
                 Instruction.ConditionalSelect,
                 dest,
                 new[] { componentExists, src, ConstF(component == 3 ? 1f : 0f) }));
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
         {
             int vertexInfoCbBinding = resourceManager.Reservations.VertexInfoConstantBufferBinding;
 
-            return node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+            return node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
                 Instruction.Load,
                 StorageKind.ConstantBuffer,
                 dest,
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
         {
             int vertexInfoCbBinding = resourceManager.Reservations.VertexInfoConstantBufferBinding;
 
-            return node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+            return node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
                 Instruction.Load,
                 StorageKind.ConstantBuffer,
                 dest,
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
             GenerateBaseVertexLoad(resourceManager, node, baseVertex);
             GenerateVertexIdVertexRateLoad(resourceManager, node, vertexId);
 
-            return node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, dest, new[] { baseVertex, vertexId }));
+            return node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, dest, new[] { baseVertex, vertexId }));
         }
 
         private static LinkedListNode<INode> GenerateInstanceIndexLoad(ResourceManager resourceManager, LinkedListNode<INode> node, Operand dest)
@@ -301,34 +301,34 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
 
             GenerateBaseInstanceLoad(resourceManager, node, baseInstance);
 
-            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+            node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
                 Instruction.Load,
                 StorageKind.Input,
                 instanceId,
                 new[] { Const((int)IoVariable.GlobalId), Const(1) }));
 
-            return node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, dest, new[] { baseInstance, instanceId }));
+            return node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, dest, new[] { baseInstance, instanceId }));
         }
 
         private static LinkedListNode<INode> GenerateVertexIdVertexRateLoad(ResourceManager resourceManager, LinkedListNode<INode> node, Operand dest)
         {
             Operand[] sources = [Const(resourceManager.LocalVertexIndexVertexRateMemoryId)];
 
-            return node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Load, StorageKind.LocalMemory, dest, sources));
+            return node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Load, StorageKind.LocalMemory, dest, sources));
         }
 
         private static LinkedListNode<INode> GenerateVertexIdInstanceRateLoad(ResourceManager resourceManager, LinkedListNode<INode> node, Operand dest)
         {
             Operand[] sources = [Const(resourceManager.LocalVertexIndexInstanceRateMemoryId)];
 
-            return node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Load, StorageKind.LocalMemory, dest, sources));
+            return node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Load, StorageKind.LocalMemory, dest, sources));
         }
 
         private static LinkedListNode<INode> GenerateInstanceIdLoad(LinkedListNode<INode> node, Operand dest)
         {
             Operand[] sources = [Const((int)IoVariable.GlobalId), Const(1)];
 
-            return node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Load, StorageKind.Input, dest, sources));
+            return node.List?.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Load, StorageKind.Input, dest, sources));
         }
 
         private static bool TryGetOutputOffset(ResourceManager resourceManager, Operation operation, out int outputOffset)

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Effects/FsrScalingFilter.cs

@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Effects
             int dispatchY = (height + (threadGroupWorkRegionDim - 1)) / threadGroupWorkRegionDim;
 
             _pipeline.SetUniformBuffers([new BufferAssignment(2, buffer.Range)]);
-            _pipeline.SetImage(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, _intermediaryTexture.GetView(FormatTable.ConvertRgba8SrgbToUnorm(view.Info.Format)));
+            _pipeline.SetImage(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, _intermediaryTexture?.GetView(FormatTable.ConvertRgba8SrgbToUnorm(view.Info.Format)));
             _pipeline.DispatchCompute(dispatchX, dispatchY, 1);
             _pipeline.ComputeBarrier();
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Effects/FxaaPostProcessingEffect.cs

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Effects
             var dispatchX = BitUtils.DivRoundUp(view.Width, IPostProcessingEffect.LocalGroupSize);
             var dispatchY = BitUtils.DivRoundUp(view.Height, IPostProcessingEffect.LocalGroupSize);
 
-            _pipeline.SetImage(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, _texture.GetView(FormatTable.ConvertRgba8SrgbToUnorm(view.Info.Format)));
+            _pipeline.SetImage(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, _texture?.GetView(FormatTable.ConvertRgba8SrgbToUnorm(view.Info.Format)));
             _pipeline.DispatchCompute(dispatchX, dispatchY, 1);
 
             _pipeline.ComputeBarrier();

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Effects/SmaaPostProcessingEffect.cs

@@ -177,8 +177,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Effects
             _areaTexture = _renderer.CreateTexture(areaInfo) as TextureView;
             _searchTexture = _renderer.CreateTexture(searchInfo) as TextureView;
 
-            _areaTexture.SetData(areaTexture);
+            _areaTexture?.SetData(areaTexture);
-            _searchTexture.SetData(searchTexture);
+            _searchTexture?.SetData(searchTexture);
         }
 
         public TextureView Run(TextureView view, CommandBufferScoped cbs, int width, int height)
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Effects
 
             buffer.Holder.SetDataUnchecked(buffer.Offset, resolutionBuffer);
             _pipeline.SetUniformBuffers([new BufferAssignment(2, buffer.Range)]);
-            _pipeline.SetImage(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, _edgeOutputTexture.GetView(FormatTable.ConvertRgba8SrgbToUnorm(view.Info.Format)));
+            _pipeline.SetImage(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, _edgeOutputTexture?.GetView(FormatTable.ConvertRgba8SrgbToUnorm(view.Info.Format)));
             _pipeline.DispatchCompute(dispatchX, dispatchY, 1);
             _pipeline.ComputeBarrier();
 
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Effects
             _pipeline.SetTextureAndSampler(ShaderStage.Compute, 1, _edgeOutputTexture, _samplerLinear);
             _pipeline.SetTextureAndSampler(ShaderStage.Compute, 3, _areaTexture, _samplerLinear);
             _pipeline.SetTextureAndSampler(ShaderStage.Compute, 4, _searchTexture, _samplerLinear);
-            _pipeline.SetImage(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, _blendOutputTexture.GetView(FormatTable.ConvertRgba8SrgbToUnorm(view.Info.Format)));
+            _pipeline.SetImage(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, _blendOutputTexture?.GetView(FormatTable.ConvertRgba8SrgbToUnorm(view.Info.Format)));
             _pipeline.DispatchCompute(dispatchX, dispatchY, 1);
             _pipeline.ComputeBarrier();
 
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Effects
             _pipeline.Specialize(_specConstants);
             _pipeline.SetTextureAndSampler(ShaderStage.Compute, 3, _blendOutputTexture, _samplerLinear);
             _pipeline.SetTextureAndSampler(ShaderStage.Compute, 1, view, _samplerLinear);
-            _pipeline.SetImage(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, _outputTexture.GetView(FormatTable.ConvertRgba8SrgbToUnorm(view.Info.Format)));
+            _pipeline.SetImage(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, _outputTexture?.GetView(FormatTable.ConvertRgba8SrgbToUnorm(view.Info.Format)));
             _pipeline.DispatchCompute(dispatchX, dispatchY, 1);
             _pipeline.ComputeBarrier();
 

src/Ryujinx.HLE.Generators/IpcServiceGenerator.cs

@@ -28,15 +28,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.Generators
                     continue;
                 var constructors = className.ChildNodes().Where(x => x.IsKind(SyntaxKind.ConstructorDeclaration)).Select(y => y as ConstructorDeclarationSyntax);
 
-                if (!constructors.Any(x => x.ParameterList.Parameters.Count >= 1))
+                if (!constructors.Any(x => x != null && x.ParameterList.Parameters.Count >= 1))
                     continue;
 
-                if (constructors.Where(x => x.ParameterList.Parameters.Count >= 1).FirstOrDefault().ParameterList.Parameters[0].Type.ToString() == "ServiceCtx")
+                if (constructors.FirstOrDefault(x => x != null && x.ParameterList.Parameters.Count >= 1).ParameterList.Parameters[0].Type.ToString() == "ServiceCtx")
                 {
                     generator.EnterScope($"if (type == typeof({GetFullName(className, context)}))");
-                    if (constructors.Any(x => x.ParameterList.Parameters.Count == 2))
+                    if (constructors.Any(x => x != null && x.ParameterList.Parameters.Count == 2))
                     {
-                        var type = constructors.Where(x => x.ParameterList.Parameters.Count == 2).FirstOrDefault().ParameterList.Parameters[1].Type;
+                        var type = constructors.FirstOrDefault(x => x != null && x.ParameterList.Parameters.Count == 2).ParameterList.Parameters[1].Type;
                         var model = context.Compilation.GetSemanticModel(type.SyntaxTree);
                         var typeSymbol = model.GetSymbolInfo(type).Symbol as INamedTypeSymbol;
                         var fullName = typeSymbol?.ToString();
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.Generators
                         generator.LeaveScope();
                     }
 
-                    if (constructors.Any(x => x.ParameterList.Parameters.Count == 1))
+                    if (constructors.Any(x => x != null && x.ParameterList.Parameters.Count == 1))
                     {
                         generator.AppendLine($"return new {GetFullName(className, context)}(context);");
                     }

src/Ryujinx.HLE/Exceptions/ServiceNotImplementedException.cs

@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.Exceptions
             while ((frame = trace.GetFrame(i++)) != null)
             {
                 var method = frame.GetMethod();
-                var declType = method.DeclaringType;
+                var declType = method?.DeclaringType;
 
                 if (typeof(IpcService).IsAssignableFrom(declType))
                 {

src/Ryujinx.HLE/FileSystem/ContentManager.cs

@@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem
                 new DirectoryInfo(registeredDirectory).Delete(true);
             }
 
-            Directory.Move(temporaryDirectory, registeredDirectory);
+            Directory.Move(temporaryDirectory, registeredDirectory ?? string.Empty);
 
             LoadEntries();
         }

src/Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Applets/SoftwareKeyboard/InlineResponses.cs

@@ -31,8 +31,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Applets.SoftwareKeyboard
                 }
             }
 
+            if (bytes != null)
+            {
                 writer.Write(bytes);
                 writer.Seek((int)maxSize - bytes.Length, SeekOrigin.Current);
+            }
+
             writer.Write((uint)text.Length); // String size
 
             return (uint)text.Length; // Return the cursor position at the end of the text

src/Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Ipc/KServerPort.cs

@@ -61,8 +61,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Ipc
             KernelContext.CriticalSection.Enter();
 
             if (list.Count != 0)
+            {
+                if (list.First != null)
                 {
                     session = list.First.Value;
+                }
 
                 list.RemoveFirst();
             }

src/Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Memory/KPageTableBase.cs

@@ -1369,6 +1369,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
 
                 LinkedListNode<KPageNode> pageListNode = pageList.Nodes.First;
 
+                if (pageListNode != null)
+                {
                     KPageNode pageNode = pageListNode.Value;
 
                     ulong srcPa = pageNode.Address;
@@ -1391,9 +1393,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
                         {
                             if (srcPaPages == 0)
                             {
-                            pageListNode = pageListNode.Next;
+                                pageListNode = pageListNode?.Next;
 
+                                if (pageListNode != null)
+                                {
                                     pageNode = pageListNode.Value;
+                                }
 
                                 srcPa = pageNode.Address;
                                 srcPaPages = pageNode.PagesCount;
@@ -1409,6 +1414,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
                             dstVaPages -= currentPagesCount;
                         }
                     }
+                }
 
                 PhysicalMemoryUsage += remainingSize;
 

src/Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Memory/SharedMemoryStorage.cs

@@ -33,10 +33,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Memory
         public ref T GetRef<T>(ulong offset) where T : unmanaged
         {
             if (_pageList.Nodes.Count == 1)
+            {
+                if (_pageList.Nodes.First != null)
                 {
                     ulong address = _pageList.Nodes.First.Value.Address - DramMemoryMap.DramBase;
                     return ref _context.Memory.GetRef<T>(address + offset);
                 }
+            }
 
             throw new NotImplementedException("Non-contiguous shared memory is not yet supported.");
         }

src/Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Threading/KPriorityQueue.cs

@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading
 
             thread.SiblingsPerCore[core] = queue.AddLast(thread);
 
-            return queue.First.Value;
+            return queue.First?.Value;
         }
 
         public void Unschedule(int prio, int core, KThread thread)

src/Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Threading/KThread.cs

@@ -1302,7 +1302,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading
         {
             Owner?.RemoveThread(this);
 
-            if (_tlsAddress != 0 && Owner.FreeThreadLocalStorage(_tlsAddress) != Result.Success)
+            if (_tlsAddress != 0 && Owner?.FreeThreadLocalStorage(_tlsAddress) != Result.Success)
             {
                 throw new InvalidOperationException("Unexpected failure freeing thread local storage.");
             }

src/Ryujinx.Horizon.Generators/Hipc/HipcGenerator.cs

@@ -61,6 +61,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Horizon.Generators.Hipc
         {
             HipcSyntaxReceiver syntaxReceiver = (HipcSyntaxReceiver)context.SyntaxReceiver;
 
+            if (syntaxReceiver?.CommandInterfaces != null)
+            {
                 foreach (var commandInterface in syntaxReceiver.CommandInterfaces)
                 {
                     if (!NeedsIServiceObjectImplementation(context.Compilation, commandInterface.ClassDeclarationSyntax))
@@ -99,6 +101,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Horizon.Generators.Hipc
                     context.AddSource($"{GetNamespaceName(commandInterface.ClassDeclarationSyntax)}.{className}.g.cs", generator.ToString());
                 }
             }
+        }
 
         private static string GetNamespaceName(SyntaxNode syntaxNode)
         {
@@ -191,14 +194,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Horizon.Generators.Hipc
         {
             ISymbol symbol = compilation.GetSemanticModel(syntaxNode.SyntaxTree).GetDeclaredSymbol(syntaxNode);
 
+            if (symbol != null)
+            {
                 foreach (var attribute in symbol.GetAttributes())
                 {
-                if (attribute.AttributeClass.ToDisplayString() == attributeName && (uint)argIndex < (uint)attribute.ConstructorArguments.Length)
+                    if (attribute.AttributeClass?.ToDisplayString() == attributeName &&
+                        (uint)argIndex < (uint)attribute.ConstructorArguments.Length)
                     {
                         yield return attribute.ConstructorArguments[argIndex].ToCSharpString();
                     }
                 }
             }
+        }
 
         private static string GetFirstAttributeArgument(Compilation compilation, SyntaxNode syntaxNode, string attributeName, int argIndex)
         {
@@ -507,19 +514,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Horizon.Generators.Hipc
         {
             TypeInfo typeInfo = compilation.GetSemanticModel(syntaxNode.SyntaxTree).GetTypeInfo(syntaxNode);
 
-            return typeInfo.Type.ToDisplayString();
+            return typeInfo.Type?.ToDisplayString();
         }
 
         private static string GetCanonicalTypeName(Compilation compilation, SyntaxNode syntaxNode)
         {
             TypeInfo typeInfo = compilation.GetSemanticModel(syntaxNode.SyntaxTree).GetTypeInfo(syntaxNode);
-            string typeName = typeInfo.Type.ToDisplayString();
+            string typeName = typeInfo.Type?.ToDisplayString();
 
+            if (typeName != null)
+            {
                 int genericArgsStartIndex = typeName.IndexOf('<');
                 if (genericArgsStartIndex >= 0)
                 {
                     return typeName.Substring(0, genericArgsStartIndex);
                 }
+            }
 
             return typeName;
         }
@@ -528,7 +538,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Horizon.Generators.Hipc
         {
             TypeInfo typeInfo = compilation.GetSemanticModel(syntaxNode.SyntaxTree).GetTypeInfo(syntaxNode);
 
-            return typeInfo.Type.SpecialType;
+            return typeInfo.Type?.SpecialType ?? SpecialType.None;
         }
 
         private static string GetTypeAlignmentExpression(Compilation compilation, SyntaxNode syntaxNode)
@@ -539,7 +549,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Horizon.Generators.Hipc
             // "special" types are primitive types aligned to their own length.
             // Otherwise, assume that the type is a custom struct, that either defines an explicit alignment
             // or has an alignment of 1 which is the lowest possible value.
-            if (typeInfo.Type.SpecialType == SpecialType.None)
+            if (typeInfo.Type is { SpecialType: SpecialType.None })
             {
                 string pack = GetTypeFirstNamedAttributeAgument(compilation, syntaxNode, TypeStructLayoutAttribute, "Pack");
 
@@ -547,7 +557,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Horizon.Generators.Hipc
             }
             else
             {
-                return $"Unsafe.SizeOf<{typeInfo.Type.ToDisplayString()}>()";
+                return $"Unsafe.SizeOf<{typeInfo.Type?.ToDisplayString()}>()";
             }
         }
 
@@ -555,13 +565,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Horizon.Generators.Hipc
         {
             ISymbol symbol = compilation.GetSemanticModel(syntaxNode.SyntaxTree).GetTypeInfo(syntaxNode).Type;
 
+            if (symbol != null)
+            {
                 foreach (var attribute in symbol.GetAttributes())
                 {
-                if (attribute.AttributeClass.ToDisplayString() == attributeName)
+                    if (attribute.AttributeClass?.ToDisplayString() == attributeName)
                     {
-                    foreach (var kv in attribute.NamedArguments)
+                        foreach (var kv in attribute.NamedArguments.Where(kv => kv.Key == argName))
-                    {
-                        if (kv.Key == argName)
                         {
                             return kv.Value.ToCSharpString();
                         }
@@ -664,7 +674,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Horizon.Generators.Hipc
         {
             TypeInfo typeInfo = compilation.GetSemanticModel(syntaxNode.SyntaxTree).GetTypeInfo(syntaxNode);
 
-            return typeInfo.Type.IsUnmanagedType;
+            return typeInfo.Type is { IsUnmanagedType: true };
         }
 
         private static bool IsMemory(Compilation compilation, ParameterSyntax parameter)
@@ -707,10 +717,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Horizon.Generators.Hipc
         private static bool IsObject(Compilation compilation, ParameterSyntax parameter)
         {
             SyntaxNode syntaxNode = parameter.Type;
-            TypeInfo typeInfo = compilation.GetSemanticModel(syntaxNode.SyntaxTree).GetTypeInfo(syntaxNode);
+            TypeInfo typeInfo = compilation.GetSemanticModel(syntaxNode!.SyntaxTree).GetTypeInfo(syntaxNode);
 
-            return typeInfo.Type.ToDisplayString() == TypeIServiceObject ||
+            return typeInfo.Type != null &&
-                   typeInfo.Type.AllInterfaces.Any(x => x.ToDisplayString() == TypeIServiceObject);
+                   (typeInfo.Type.ToDisplayString() == TypeIServiceObject ||
+                    typeInfo.Type.AllInterfaces.Any(x => x.ToDisplayString() == TypeIServiceObject));
         }
 
         private static bool IsProcessId(Compilation compilation, ParameterSyntax parameter)
@@ -781,7 +792,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Horizon.Generators.Hipc
         private static bool NeedsIServiceObjectImplementation(Compilation compilation, ClassDeclarationSyntax classDeclarationSyntax)
         {
             ITypeSymbol type = compilation.GetSemanticModel(classDeclarationSyntax.SyntaxTree).GetDeclaredSymbol(classDeclarationSyntax);
-            var serviceObjectInterface = type.AllInterfaces.FirstOrDefault(x => x.ToDisplayString() == TypeIServiceObject);
+            var serviceObjectInterface = type?.AllInterfaces.FirstOrDefault(x => x.ToDisplayString() == TypeIServiceObject);
             var interfaceMember = serviceObjectInterface?.GetMembers().FirstOrDefault(x => x.Name == "GetCommandHandlers");
 
             // Return true only if the class implements IServiceObject but does not actually implement the method

src/Ryujinx.Horizon.Kernel.Generators/SyscallGenerator.cs

@@ -147,6 +147,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Horizon.Kernel.Generators
 
             List<SyscallIdAndName> syscalls = [];
 
+            if (syntaxReceiver != null)
+            {
                 foreach (var method in syntaxReceiver.SvcImplementations)
                 {
                     GenerateMethod32(generator, context.Compilation, method);
@@ -155,6 +157,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Horizon.Kernel.Generators
                     foreach (AttributeSyntax attribute in method.AttributeLists.SelectMany(attributeList =>
                                  attributeList.Attributes.Where(attribute =>
                                      GetCanonicalTypeName(context.Compilation, attribute) == TypeSvcAttribute)))
+                    {
+                        if (attribute.ArgumentList != null)
                         {
                             syscalls.AddRange(from attributeArg in attribute.ArgumentList.Arguments
                                 where attributeArg.Expression.Kind() == SyntaxKind.NumericLiteralExpression
@@ -163,6 +167,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Horizon.Kernel.Generators
                                 select new SyscallIdAndName((int)numericLiteral.Token.Value, method.Identifier.Text));
                         }
                     }
+                }
+            }
 
             syscalls.Sort();
 

src/Ryujinx.Horizon/Arp/Ipc/Reader.cs

@@ -127,7 +127,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Horizon.Arp.Ipc
                 return ArpResult.InvalidInstanceId;
             }
 
-            applicationCertificate = _applicationInstanceManager.Entries[applicationInstanceId].Certificate.Value;
+            ApplicationCertificate? certificate = _applicationInstanceManager.Entries[applicationInstanceId].Certificate;
+            if (certificate != null)
+            {
+                applicationCertificate = certificate.Value;
+            }
 
             return Result.Success;
         }

src/Ryujinx.Input/HLE/NpadController.cs

@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Input.HLE
         {
             var keyboard = KeyboardDriver.GetGamepad("0") as IKeyboard;
 
-            KeyboardStateSnapshot keyboardState = keyboard.GetKeyboardStateSnapshot();
+            KeyboardStateSnapshot keyboardState = keyboard?.GetKeyboardStateSnapshot();
 
             KeyboardInput hidKeyboard = new()
             {
@@ -520,14 +520,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Input.HLE
 
             foreach (HLEKeyboardMappingEntry entry in _keyMapping)
             {
-                ulong value = keyboardState.IsPressed(entry.TargetKey) ? 1UL : 0UL;
+                ulong value = keyboardState != null && keyboardState.IsPressed(entry.TargetKey) ? 1UL : 0UL;
 
                 hidKeyboard.Keys[entry.Target / 0x40] |= (value << (entry.Target % 0x40));
             }
 
             foreach (HLEKeyboardMappingEntry entry in _keyModifierMapping)
             {
-                int value = keyboardState.IsPressed(entry.TargetKey) ? 1 : 0;
+                int value = keyboardState != null && keyboardState.IsPressed(entry.TargetKey) ? 1 : 0;
 
                 hidKeyboard.Modifier |= value << entry.Target;
             }

src/Ryujinx.Input/HLE/NpadManager.cs

@@ -304,10 +304,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Input.HLE
                         buttons |= 1 << 4;
                     }
 
+                    if (mouse != null)
+                    {
                         var position = IMouse.GetScreenPosition(mouseInput.Position, mouse.ClientSize, aspectRatio);
 
                         _device.Hid.Mouse.Update((int)position.X, (int)position.Y, buttons, (int)mouseInput.Scroll.X, (int)mouseInput.Scroll.Y, true);
                     }
+                }
                 else
                 {
                     _device.Hid.Mouse.Update(0, 0);

src/Ryujinx.UI.Common/App/ApplicationLibrary.cs

@@ -88,6 +88,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.UI.App.Common
         private static byte[] GetResourceBytes(string resourceName)
         {
             Stream resourceStream = Assembly.GetCallingAssembly().GetManifestResourceStream(resourceName);
+            if (resourceStream != null)
+            {
                 byte[] resourceByteArray = new byte[resourceStream.Length];
 
                 resourceStream.ReadExactly(resourceByteArray);
@@ -95,6 +97,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.UI.App.Common
                 return resourceByteArray;
             }
 
+            return [];
+        }
+
         /// <exception cref="Ryujinx.HLE.Exceptions.InvalidNpdmException">The npdm file doesn't contain valid data.</exception>
         /// <exception cref="NotImplementedException">The FsAccessHeader.ContentOwnerId section is not implemented.</exception>
         /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">An error occured while reading bytes from the stream.</exception>
@@ -1178,7 +1183,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.UI.App.Common
                 {
                     string extension = Path.GetExtension(applicationPath)?.ToLower();
 
-                    using FileStream file = new(applicationPath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+                    using FileStream file = new(applicationPath ?? string.Empty, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
 
                     if (extension == ".nsp" || extension == ".pfs0" || extension == ".xci")
                     {

src/Ryujinx.UI.Common/Helper/FileAssociationHelper.cs

@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.UI.Common.Helper
 
                     Logger.Debug?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Adding type association {ext}");
                     using var openCmd = key.CreateSubKey(@"shell\open\command");
-                    openCmd.SetValue("", $"\"{Environment.ProcessPath}\" \"%1\"");
+                    openCmd?.SetValue("", $"\"{Environment.ProcessPath}\" \"%1\"");
                     Logger.Debug?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Added type association {ext}");
 
                 }

src/Ryujinx.UI.Common/SystemInfo/WindowsSystemInfo.cs

@@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.UI.Common.SystemInfo
             {
                 foreach (var cpuObj in cpuObjs)
                 {
-                    return cpuObj["Name"].ToString().Trim();
+                    return cpuObj["Name"].ToString()?.Trim();
                 }
             }
 
-            return Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER").Trim();
+            return Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER")?.Trim();
         }
 
         [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]

src/Ryujinx/App.axaml.cs

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
                     if (result == UserResult.Yes)
                     {
                         var path = Environment.ProcessPath;
-                        var proc = Process.Start(path, CommandLineState.Arguments);
+                        var proc = Process.Start(path ?? string.Empty, CommandLineState.Arguments);
                         desktop.Shutdown();
                         Environment.Exit(0);
                     }
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
 
         public static ThemeVariant DetectSystemTheme()
         {
-            if (Current is App app)
+            if (Current is App { PlatformSettings: not null } app)
             {
                 var colorValues = app.PlatformSettings.GetColorValues();
 

src/Ryujinx/Modules/Updater/Updater.cs

@@ -192,8 +192,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Modules
 
                 HttpResponseMessage message = await buildSizeClient.GetAsync(new Uri(_buildUrl), HttpCompletionOption.ResponseHeadersRead);
 
+                if (message.Content.Headers.ContentRange?.Length != null)
+                {
                     _buildSize = message.Content.Headers.ContentRange.Length.Value;
                 }
+            }
             catch (Exception ex)
             {
                 Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application, ex.Message);
@@ -375,17 +378,23 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Modules
                 }
 
                 client.DownloadProgressChanged += (_, args) =>
+                {
+                    if (args.UserState != null)
                     {
                         int index = (int)args.UserState;
 
                         Interlocked.Add(ref totalProgressPercentage, -1 * progressPercentage[index]);
                         Interlocked.Exchange(ref progressPercentage[index], args.ProgressPercentage);
+                    }
+
                     Interlocked.Add(ref totalProgressPercentage, args.ProgressPercentage);
 
                     taskDialog.SetProgressBarState(totalProgressPercentage / ConnectionCount, TaskDialogProgressState.Normal);
                 };
 
                 client.DownloadDataCompleted += (_, args) =>
+                {
+                    if (args.UserState != null)
                     {
                         int index = (int)args.UserState;
 
@@ -399,6 +408,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Modules
                         }
 
                         list[index] = args.Result;
+                    }
+
                     Interlocked.Increment(ref completedRequests);
 
                     if (Equals(completedRequests, ConnectionCount))
@@ -465,6 +476,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Modules
             using Stream remoteFileStream = response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync().Result;
             using Stream updateFileStream = File.Open(updateFile, FileMode.Create);
 
+            if (response.Content.Headers.ContentLength != null)
+            {
                 long totalBytes = response.Content.Headers.ContentLength.Value;
                 long byteWritten = 0;
 
@@ -485,6 +498,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Modules
 
                     updateFileStream.Write(buffer, 0, readSize);
                 }
+            }
 
             InstallUpdate(taskDialog, updateFile);
         }
@@ -524,7 +538,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Modules
 
                 string outPath = Path.Combine(outputDirectoryPath, tarEntry.Name);
 
-                Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(outPath));
+                Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(outPath) ?? string.Empty);
 
                 using FileStream outStream = File.OpenWrite(outPath);
                 tarStream.CopyEntryContents(outStream);
@@ -560,7 +574,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Modules
 
                 string outPath = Path.Combine(outputDirectoryPath, zipEntry.Name);
 
-                Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(outPath));
+                Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(outPath) ?? string.Empty);
 
                 using Stream zipStream = zipFile.GetInputStream(zipEntry);
                 using FileStream outStream = File.OpenWrite(outPath);

src/Ryujinx/UI/Applet/AvaloniaDynamicTextInputHandler.cs

@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Applet
         {
             _parent = parent;
 
-            (_parent.InputManager.KeyboardDriver as AvaloniaKeyboardDriver).KeyPressed += AvaloniaDynamicTextInputHandler_KeyPressed;
+            ((AvaloniaKeyboardDriver)_parent.InputManager.KeyboardDriver).KeyPressed += AvaloniaDynamicTextInputHandler_KeyPressed;
-            (_parent.InputManager.KeyboardDriver as AvaloniaKeyboardDriver).KeyRelease += AvaloniaDynamicTextInputHandler_KeyRelease;
+            ((AvaloniaKeyboardDriver)_parent.InputManager.KeyboardDriver).KeyRelease += AvaloniaDynamicTextInputHandler_KeyRelease;
-            (_parent.InputManager.KeyboardDriver as AvaloniaKeyboardDriver).TextInput += AvaloniaDynamicTextInputHandler_TextInput;
+            ((AvaloniaKeyboardDriver)_parent.InputManager.KeyboardDriver).TextInput += AvaloniaDynamicTextInputHandler_TextInput;
 
             _hiddenTextBox = _parent.HiddenTextBox;
 
@@ -118,9 +118,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Applet
 
         public void Dispose()
         {
-            (_parent.InputManager.KeyboardDriver as AvaloniaKeyboardDriver).KeyPressed -= AvaloniaDynamicTextInputHandler_KeyPressed;
+            ((AvaloniaKeyboardDriver)_parent.InputManager.KeyboardDriver).KeyPressed -= AvaloniaDynamicTextInputHandler_KeyPressed;
-            (_parent.InputManager.KeyboardDriver as AvaloniaKeyboardDriver).KeyRelease -= AvaloniaDynamicTextInputHandler_KeyRelease;
+            ((AvaloniaKeyboardDriver)_parent.InputManager.KeyboardDriver).KeyRelease -= AvaloniaDynamicTextInputHandler_KeyRelease;
-            (_parent.InputManager.KeyboardDriver as AvaloniaKeyboardDriver).TextInput -= AvaloniaDynamicTextInputHandler_TextInput;
+            ((AvaloniaKeyboardDriver)_parent.InputManager.KeyboardDriver).TextInput -= AvaloniaDynamicTextInputHandler_TextInput;
 
             _textChangedSubscription?.Dispose();
             _selectionStartChangedSubscription?.Dispose();

src/Ryujinx/UI/Controls/ApplicationContextMenu.axaml.cs

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Controls
                     viewModel.VirtualFileSystem,
                     viewModel.SelectedApplication.IdString,
                     viewModel.SelectedApplication.Name,
-                    viewModel.SelectedApplication.Path).ShowDialog(viewModel.TopLevel as Window);
+                    viewModel.SelectedApplication.Path).ShowDialog((Window)viewModel.TopLevel);
             }
         }
 
@@ -396,11 +396,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Controls
                     viewModel.SelectedApplication.Name);
 
                 var iconFile = await result[0].CreateFileAsync(selectedApp.IdString + ".png");
+                if (iconFile != null)
+                {
                     await using var fileStream = await iconFile.OpenWriteAsync();
 
                     fileStream.Write(selectedApp.Icon);
                 }
             }
+        }
 
         public void CreateApplicationShortcut_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs args)
         {

src/Ryujinx/UI/Controls/ApplicationGridView.axaml.cs

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Controls
 
         private void SearchBox_OnKeyUp(object sender, KeyEventArgs args)
         {
-            (DataContext as MainWindowViewModel).SearchText = (sender as TextBox).Text;
+            (DataContext as MainWindowViewModel).SearchText = (sender as TextBox)?.Text;
         }
     }
 }

src/Ryujinx/UI/Controls/ApplicationListView.axaml.cs

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Controls
 
         private void SearchBox_OnKeyUp(object sender, KeyEventArgs args)
         {
-            (DataContext as MainWindowViewModel).SearchText = (sender as TextBox).Text;
+            (DataContext as MainWindowViewModel).SearchText = (sender as TextBox)?.Text;
         }
 
         private async void IdString_OnClick(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

src/Ryujinx/UI/Models/SaveModel.cs

@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Models
 
             if (InGameList)
             {
-                Icon = appData.Icon;
+                Icon = appData?.Icon;
-                Title = appData.Name;
+                Title = appData?.Name;
             }
             else
             {

src/Ryujinx/UI/Models/UserProfile.cs

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Models
         private void UpdateBackground()
         {
             var currentApplication = Avalonia.Application.Current;
-            currentApplication.Styles.TryGetResource("ControlFillColorSecondary", currentApplication.ActualThemeVariant, out object color);
+            currentApplication!.Styles.TryGetResource("ControlFillColorSecondary", currentApplication.ActualThemeVariant, out object color);
 
             if (color is not null)
             {

src/Ryujinx/UI/Renderer/EmbeddedWindow.cs

@@ -127,8 +127,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Renderer
                 X11Window = PlatformHelper.CreateOpenGLWindow(new FramebufferFormat(new ColorFormat(8, 8, 8, 0), 16, 0, ColorFormat.Zero, 0, 2, false), 0, 0, 100, 100) as GLXWindow;
             }
 
+            if (X11Window != null)
+            {
                 WindowHandle = X11Window.WindowHandle.RawHandle;
                 X11Display = X11Window.DisplayHandle.RawHandle;
+            }
 
             return new PlatformHandle(WindowHandle, "X11");
         }

src/Ryujinx/UI/ViewModels/AppListFavoriteComparable.cs

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
                 return app.Favorite ? -1 : 1;
             }
 
-            throw new InvalidCastException($"Cannot cast {o.GetType()} to {nameof(AppListFavoriteComparable)}");
+            throw new InvalidCastException($"Cannot cast {o?.GetType()} to {nameof(AppListFavoriteComparable)}");
         }
     }
 }

src/Ryujinx/UI/ViewModels/DownloadableContentManagerViewModel.cs

@@ -92,9 +92,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
 
             _applicationData = applicationData;
 
-            if (Application.Current.ApplicationLifetime is IClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime desktop)
+            if (Application.Current?.ApplicationLifetime is IClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime desktop)
             {
-                _storageProvider = desktop.MainWindow.StorageProvider;
+                _storageProvider = desktop.MainWindow?.StorageProvider;
             }
 
             LoadDownloadableContents();

src/Ryujinx/UI/ViewModels/Input/InputViewModel.cs

@@ -254,10 +254,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels.Input
 
                 AvaloniaKeyboardDriver = new AvaloniaKeyboardDriver(owner);
 
+                if (_mainWindow != null)
+                {
                     _mainWindow.InputManager.GamepadDriver.OnGamepadConnected += HandleOnGamepadConnected;
                     _mainWindow.InputManager.GamepadDriver.OnGamepadDisconnected += HandleOnGamepadDisconnected;
 
                     _mainWindow.ViewModel.AppHost?.NpadManager.BlockInputUpdates();
+                }
 
                 _isLoaded = false;
 
@@ -783,11 +786,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels.Input
                         config = (ConfigViewModel as ControllerInputViewModel)?.Config.GetConfig();
                     }
 
+                    if (config != null)
+                    {
                         config.ControllerType = Controllers[_controller].Type;
 
                         string jsonString = JsonHelper.Serialize(config, _serializerContext.InputConfig);
 
                         await File.WriteAllTextAsync(path, jsonString);
+                    }
 
                     LoadProfiles();
                 }

src/Ryujinx/UI/ViewModels/MainWindowViewModel.cs

@@ -1332,7 +1332,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
             }
             catch (MissingKeyException ex)
             {
-                if (Application.Current.ApplicationLifetime is IClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime desktop)
+                if (Application.Current?.ApplicationLifetime is IClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime desktop)
                 {
                     Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Application, ex.ToString());
 
@@ -1553,7 +1553,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
             {
                 Dispatcher.UIThread.InvokeAsync(() =>
                 {
-                    Application.Current.Styles.TryGetResource(args.VSyncMode,
+                    Application.Current!.Styles.TryGetResource(args.VSyncMode,
                         Application.Current.ActualThemeVariant,
                         out object color);
 

src/Ryujinx/UI/ViewModels/ModManagerViewModel.cs

@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
 
             foreach (var dir in directories)
             {
-                string dirToCreate = dir.Replace(directory.Parent.ToString(), destinationDir);
+                string dirToCreate = dir.Replace(directory.Parent?.ToString() ?? string.Empty, destinationDir);
 
                 // Mod already exists
                 if (Directory.Exists(dirToCreate))
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
 
             foreach (var file in files)
             {
-                File.Copy(file, file.Replace(directory.Parent.ToString(), destinationDir), true);
+                File.Copy(file, file.Replace(directory.Parent?.ToString() ?? string.Empty, destinationDir), true);
             }
 
             LoadMods(_applicationId, _installedDlcIds);

src/Ryujinx/UI/ViewModels/TitleUpdateViewModel.cs

@@ -75,9 +75,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
 
             ApplicationData = applicationData;
 
-            if (Application.Current.ApplicationLifetime is IClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime desktop)
+            if (Application.Current?.ApplicationLifetime is IClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime desktop)
             {
-                StorageProvider = desktop.MainWindow.StorageProvider;
+                StorageProvider = desktop.MainWindow?.StorageProvider;
             }
 
             LoadUpdates();

src/Ryujinx/UI/ViewModels/XCITrimmerViewModel.cs

@@ -268,7 +268,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels
                         result = String.Compare(x?.Name, y?.Name, StringComparison.Ordinal);
                         break;
                     case SortField.Saved:
+                        if (x != null && y != null)
+                        {
                             result = x.PotentialSavingsB.CompareTo(y.PotentialSavingsB);
+                        }
+
                         break;
                 }
 

src/Ryujinx/UI/Views/Input/ControllerInputView.axaml.cs

@@ -70,7 +70,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Views.Input
                 {
 
                      var viewModel = (DataContext as ControllerInputViewModel);
+                     if (viewModel != null)
+                     {
                          viewModel.ParentModel.IsModified = true;
+                     }
+
                      _changeSlider = (float)check.Value;
                 }
             }
@@ -82,9 +86,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Views.Input
             {
                 if ((bool)check.IsPointerOver)
                 {
-
+                    if (DataContext is ControllerInputViewModel viewModel)
-                    var viewModel = (DataContext as ControllerInputViewModel);
+                    {
                         viewModel.ParentModel.IsModified = true;
+                    }
+
                     _currentAssigner?.Cancel();
                     _currentAssigner = null;
                 }
@@ -96,7 +102,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Views.Input
         {
             if (sender is ToggleButton button ) 
             {
-                if ((bool)button.IsChecked)
+                if (button.IsChecked != null && (bool)button.IsChecked)
                 {
                     if (_currentAssigner != null && button == _currentAssigner.ToggledButton)
                     {
@@ -233,7 +239,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Views.Input
             var controllerInputViewModel = DataContext as ControllerInputViewModel;
 
             assigner = new GamepadButtonAssigner(
-                controllerInputViewModel.ParentModel.SelectedGamepad,
+                controllerInputViewModel?.ParentModel.SelectedGamepad,
                 (controllerInputViewModel.ParentModel.Config as StandardControllerInputConfig).TriggerThreshold,
                 forStick);
 

src/Ryujinx/UI/Views/Input/InputView.axaml.cs

@@ -72,10 +72,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Views.Input
                     {
                         ViewModel.IsModified = true;
                         var player = (PlayerModel)e.AddedItems[0];
+                        if (player != null)
+                        {
                             ViewModel.PlayerId = player.Id;
                         }
                     }
                 }
+            }
             
         }
 

src/Ryujinx/UI/Views/Input/KeyboardInputView.axaml.cs

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Views.Input
         {
             if (sender is ToggleButton button)
             {
-                if ((bool)button.IsChecked)
+                if (button.IsChecked != null && (bool)button.IsChecked)
                 {
                     if (_currentAssigner != null && button == _currentAssigner.ToggledButton)
                     {
@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Views.Input
 
                         var viewModel = (DataContext as KeyboardInputViewModel);
 
+                        if (viewModel != null)
+                        {
                             IKeyboard keyboard = (IKeyboard)viewModel.ParentModel.AvaloniaKeyboardDriver.GetGamepad("0"); // Open Avalonia keyboard for cancel operations.
                             IButtonAssigner assigner = CreateButtonAssigner();
 
@@ -162,6 +164,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Views.Input
 
                             _currentAssigner.GetInputAndAssign(assigner, keyboard);
                         }
+                    }
                     else
                     {
                         if (_currentAssigner != null)
@@ -193,7 +196,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Views.Input
         {
             IButtonAssigner assigner;
 
-            assigner = new KeyboardKeyAssigner((IKeyboard)(DataContext as KeyboardInputViewModel).ParentModel.SelectedGamepad);
+            assigner = new KeyboardKeyAssigner((IKeyboard)(DataContext as KeyboardInputViewModel)?.ParentModel.SelectedGamepad);
 
             return assigner;
         }

src/Ryujinx/UI/Views/Main/MainViewControls.axaml.cs

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Views.Main
         {
             if (sender is RadioButton button)
             {
-                ViewModel.Sort(Enum.Parse<ApplicationSort>(button.Tag.ToString()));
+                ViewModel.Sort(Enum.Parse<ApplicationSort>(button.Tag?.ToString() ?? string.Empty));
             }
         }
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Views.Main
         {
             if (sender is RadioButton button)
             {
-                ViewModel.Sort(button.Tag.ToString() != "Descending");
+                ViewModel.Sort(button.Tag?.ToString() != "Descending");
             }
         }
 

src/Ryujinx/UI/Views/Settings/SettingsHotkeysView.axaml.cs

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Views.Settings
         {
             if (sender is ToggleButton button)
             {
-                if ((bool)button.IsChecked)
+                if (button.IsChecked != null && (bool)button.IsChecked)
                 {
                     if (_currentAssigner != null && button == _currentAssigner.ToggledButton)
                     {
@@ -69,6 +69,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Views.Settings
                                 var viewModel = (DataContext) as SettingsViewModel;
                                 var buttonValue = e.ButtonValue.Value;
 
+                                if (viewModel != null)
+                                {
                                     switch (button.Name)
                                     {
                                         case "ToggleVSyncMode":
@@ -106,6 +108,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Views.Settings
                                             break;
                                     }
                                 }
+                            }
                         };
 
                         _currentAssigner.GetInputAndAssign(assigner, keyboard);

src/Ryujinx/UI/Views/User/UserProfileImageSelectorView.axaml.cs

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Views.User
         private async void Import_OnClick(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
         {
             var window = this.GetVisualRoot() as Window;
-            var result = await window.StorageProvider.OpenFilePickerAsync(new FilePickerOpenOptions
+            var result = await window?.StorageProvider.OpenFilePickerAsync(new FilePickerOpenOptions
             {
                 AllowMultiple = false,
                 FileTypeFilter = new List<FilePickerFileType>

src/Ryujinx/UI/Views/User/UserSelectorView.axaml.cs

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Views.User
 
         private void Close(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
         {
-            ((ContentDialog)_parent.Parent).Hide();
+            ((ContentDialog)_parent.Parent)?.Hide();
         }
     }
 }

src/Ryujinx/UI/Windows/CheatWindow.axaml.cs

@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Windows
                 }
             }
 
-            Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(_enabledCheatsPath));
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(_enabledCheatsPath) ?? string.Empty);
 
             File.WriteAllLines(_enabledCheatsPath, enabledCheats);
 

src/Ryujinx/UI/Windows/DownloadableContentManagerWindow.axaml.cs

@@ -53,12 +53,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Windows
         private void SaveAndClose(object sender, RoutedEventArgs routedEventArgs)
         {
             ViewModel.Save();
-            ((ContentDialog)Parent).Hide();
+            ((ContentDialog)Parent)?.Hide();
         }
 
         private void Close(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
         {
-            ((ContentDialog)Parent).Hide();
+            ((ContentDialog)Parent)?.Hide();
         }
 
         private void RemoveDLC(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

src/Ryujinx/UI/Windows/MainWindow.axaml.cs

@@ -494,7 +494,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Windows
             /// <summary>
             /// Subscribe to the ColorValuesChanged event
             /// </summary>
+            if (PlatformSettings != null)
+            {
                 PlatformSettings.ColorValuesChanged += OnPlatformColorValuesChanged;
+            }
 
             ViewModel.Initialize(
                 ContentManager,
@@ -578,7 +581,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Windows
             var volumeSplitButton = sender as ToggleSplitButton;
             if (ViewModel.IsGameRunning)
             {
-                if (!volumeSplitButton.IsChecked)
+                if (volumeSplitButton is not { IsChecked: true })
                 {
                     ViewModel.AppHost.Device.SetVolume(ViewModel.VolumeBeforeMute);
                 }

src/Ryujinx/UI/Windows/ModManagerWindow.axaml.cs

@@ -53,12 +53,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Windows
         private void SaveAndClose(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
         {
             ViewModel.Save();
-            ((ContentDialog)Parent).Hide();
+            ((ContentDialog)Parent)?.Hide();
         }
 
         private void Close(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
         {
-            ((ContentDialog)Parent).Hide();
+            ((ContentDialog)Parent)?.Hide();
         }
 
         private async void DeleteMod(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

src/Ryujinx/UI/Windows/TitleUpdateWindow.axaml.cs

@@ -50,14 +50,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Windows
 
         private void Close(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
         {
-            ((ContentDialog)Parent).Hide();
+            ((ContentDialog)Parent)?.Hide();
         }
 
         public void Save(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
         {
             ViewModel.Save();
 
-            ((ContentDialog)Parent).Hide();
+            ((ContentDialog)Parent)?.Hide();
         }
 
         private void OpenLocation(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

src/Ryujinx/UI/Windows/XCITrimmerWindow.axaml.cs

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Windows
 
         private void Close(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
         {
-            ((ContentDialog)Parent).Hide();
+            ((ContentDialog)Parent)?.Hide();
         }
 
         private void Cancel(Object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

src/Spv.Generator/Instruction.cs

@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ namespace Spv.Generator
 
         public bool Equals(Instruction cmpObj)
         {
-            bool result = Type == cmpObj.Type && Id == cmpObj.Id;
+            bool result = cmpObj != null && Type == cmpObj.Type && Id == cmpObj.Id;
 
             if (result)
             {

src/Spv.Generator/LiteralInteger.cs

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ namespace Spv.Generator
 
         public bool Equals(LiteralInteger cmpObj)
         {
-            return Type == cmpObj.Type && _integerType == cmpObj._integerType && _data == cmpObj._data;
+            return cmpObj != null && Type == cmpObj.Type && _integerType == cmpObj._integerType && _data == cmpObj._data;
         }
 
         public override int GetHashCode()

src/Spv.Generator/LiteralString.cs

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ namespace Spv.Generator
 
         public bool Equals(LiteralString cmpObj)
         {
-            return Type == cmpObj.Type && _value.Equals(cmpObj._value);
+            return cmpObj != null && Type == cmpObj.Type && _value.Equals(cmpObj._value);
         }
 
         public override int GetHashCode()